Printed Circuit Board PCB Kev Lag Luam Kev Tshawb Fawb: PCB, Ib qho tseem ceeb Cornerstone ntawm Kev Lag Luam Hluav Taws Xob

1. Taw qhia rau Printed Circuit Board (PCB)

1.1 PCB yog dab tsi

PCB (Printed Circuit Board) yog lub rooj tsav xwm luam tawm, luv luv raws li lub rooj tsav xwm luam tawm, uas yog lub cev txhawb nqa rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Vim tias PCBs tau tsim los siv cov txheej txheem luam ntawv hluav taws xob, lawv hu ua "luam tawm" circuit boards.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom no yog ua kom muaj ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua ntej thiab ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev sib kis. Printed circuit boards yog cov kev sib tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev sib sau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lawv tsis tsuas yog muab kev sib txuas hluav taws xob rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov haujlwm ua lag luam xws li digital thiab analog teeb liab, kev siv hluav taws xob, thiab RF microwave teeb liab kis tau tus mob thiab txais khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv feem ntau yuav tsum tau nruab, yog li nws yog hu ua "niam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob".

1.2 PCB hloov lub suab sib dhos

Raws li kev txheeb cais ntawm Hong Kong Circuit Board Association, xyoo 2000, lub ntiaj teb PCB kev lag luam sib koom ntawm cov tuam txhab hauv Suav teb tsuas yog suav txog 8.1 feem pua, thiab cov tuam txhab Nyij Pooj thiab Asmeskas tau ruaj khov nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv PCB cov nqi tsim tawm. Los ntawm 2000 mus rau 2017, PCB kev lag luam nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj loj hlob sai heev, ntau lawm muaj peev xwm mus ntxiv, thiab technology twb tsis tu ncua upgraded. Hauv 2017, tsuas yog lub ntiaj teb PCB kev lag luam sib koom ntawm cov tuam txhab hauv Suav teb tau nce mus rau 50.52 feem pua. Raws li PR Newswire cov ntaub ntawv, xyoo 2020, PCB kev lag luam sib koom hauv Suav teb loj yuav nyob siab dua 50 feem pua, thiab yuav nce mus rau 53.80 feem pua ​​​​hauv 2020.

1.3 PCB upstream raw khoom

Kev lag luam saw ntawm PCB yog qhov tseeb. Cov khoom siv sab saud muaj xws li tooj liab ntawv ci, cob, iav fiber ntau daim ntaub, ntoo pulp, number case, tooj liab pob, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, tooj liab ntawv ci, resin thiab iav fiber ntau yog peb cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb.

1.4 PCB Raw Material Kev Ntsuas Tus Nqi

Tus nqi ntawm PCB feem ntau yog muab faib ua cov khoom siv thiab cov nqi zog, ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau suav nrog tooj liab clad laminate, tooj liab ntawv ci, phosphor bronze pob, number case, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm cov nqi ntawm PCB, cov nqi ua haujlwm suav nrog ntau tshaj, txog. 40 feem pua ​​​​ntawm tag nrho cov nqi; ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ib leeg, tus nqi ntawm tooj liab clad laminate yog qhov siab tshaj plaws, suav txog 30 feem pua ​​​​ntawm tag nrho cov nqi; Tus nqi ntawm cov ntawv ci tooj liab, phosphor bronze pob thiab number case tau qis dua, raws li Kev Ua Haujlwm 9 feem pua, 6 feem pua, 3 feem pua ​​​​ntawm tag nrho cov nqi.

CCL tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv PCB cov ntaub ntawv raw, thiab nws cov nqi suav rau 30 feem pua ​​​​ntawm tag nrho cov nqi ntawm PCB. Ntawm cov khoom siv raw ntawm CCL, tus nqi ntawm cov ntawv ci tooj liab yog qhov siab tshaj plaws, txog 39 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov nqi ntawm CCL; tus nqi ntawm iav fiber ntau daim ntaub thiab resin yog qis dua, suav txog 18 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov nqi feem. Txij li thaum tooj liab clad laminate tau cuam tshuam zoo heev los ntawm tus nqi ntawm tooj liab, tus nqi uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau PCB nthuav tawm qee lub sijhawm.

1.5 Qhov sib txawv ntawm PCBs sib txawv

Lub thickness ntawm txhav PCB yog txawv ntawm qhov hloov tau yooj yim PCB, thiab saj zawg zog PCB tuaj yeem khoov. Feem ntau thicknesses ntawm rigid PCBs ntau ntawm {{0}}.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.6mm mus rau 2.0mm. Ib qho tuab tuab ntawm PCB hloov tau yog 0.2 hli. HDI yog ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm siab. Lub vias ntawm HDI muaj qhov tsis pom kev lossis qhov faus. Cov thev naus laus zis ua haujlwm siv yog micro-dig muag thiab faus qhov thiab laser drilling, uas muaj kev ua haujlwm siab thiab tus nqi qis. Qhov zoo tib yam Circuit Court board drilling yog feem ntau mechanical drilling, thiab tsuas yog los ntawm qhov ua rau kev sib txuas sab hauv ntawm txhua txheej ntawm lub voj voog.

Qhov thib ob, tag nrho cov kev pom ntawm PCB pawg thawj coj kev lag luam saw thiab cov lag luam nce thiab nqis

2.1 Panorama ntawm PCB Kev Lag Luam Chain

Raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, PCB txuas ntau cov kev lag luam sab saud thiab qis qis. Upstream industries: tooj liab ntawv ci, tooj liab ntawv ci substrates, iav fiber ntau daim ntaub, cob thiab lwm yam raw khoom industries; downstream industries: hluav taws xob cov khoom siv, tsheb, kev sib txuas lus, aerospace, tub rog thiab lwm yam lag luam. Midstream substrate: feem ntau yog tooj liab clad laminate (CCL), uas yog ua los ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv xws li tooj liab ntawv ci, epoxy resin, thiab iav fiber ntau xov paj. PCB kev lag luam saw yog ntev. Cov ntawv tshwj xeeb ntoo ntoo, hluav taws xob-qib iav fiber ntau daim ntaub, electrolytic tooj liab ntawv ci, CCL (copper clad laminate) thiab PCB (luam luv-circuit board) yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab saud thiab qis qis uas muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab sib cuam tshuam hauv kev lag luam saw.

2.2 Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thiab cov chaw muag khoom nyob rau sab saud ntawm PCB kev lag luam saw

Ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab saud hauv PCB kev lag luam saw, tooj liab ntawv ci yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim CCL, suav txog li 30 feem pua ​​​​ntawm tag nrho cov nqi. Kev lag luam tooj liab foil ntau lawm muaj qhov siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus, thiab cov thawj coj hauv kev lag luam muaj zog sib cog lus. Lub tuam txhab ua lag luam Nord Co., Ltd. yog feem ntau koom nrog hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm electrolytic tooj liab ntawv ci, thiab tau tsim kom muaj kev sib koom tes ruaj khov nrog cov tuam txhab roj teeb loj xws li Ningde Times, BYD, thiab Yiwei Lithium Zog.

2.3 Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm cov tuam txhab loj thiab cov lag luam hauv kev lag luam nruab nrab ntawm PCB kev lag luam saw

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tuam txhab nruab nrab CCL hauv 2021: Nanya Cov Khoom Tshiab, Jinan Guoji, Shengyi Technology, Huazheng Cov Khoom Tshiab; Cov tuam txhab sawv cev PCB hauv 2021: Shennan Circuit, Jingwang Electronics, Victory Macro Technology, Xingsen Technology, Hudian Co., Ltd., Pengding Holdings, thiab lwm yam.

2.4 Qib Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Tuam Txhab PCB Ua Haujlwm

PCB sawv cev tuam txhab uas muag: Shennan Circuits, Jingwang Electronics, yeej Macro Technology, Xingsen Technology, Hudian Co., Ltd., Oshicom, thiab lwm yam. Mid-rau-high-end tuam txhab uas muag yog nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws, Taiwanese thiab Hong Kong-nyiaj lag luam, thiab ob peb yog dominated los ntawm domestic-funded lub xeev cov lag luam. Qhov ntsuas ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board lag luam yog maj mam nthuav. Raws li Prismark cov ntaub ntawv, qhov ntsuas ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board lag luam hauv xyoo 2020 yuav yog 35.1 billion US dollars. Xyoo 2020, Pengding Holdings tau dhau los ua lub tuam txhab nrog cov nyiaj tau los ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm hluav taws xob hauv Suav teb, nrog cov nyiaj tau los ntawm 29.851 billion yuan, uas yog tus thawj coj hauv kev lag luam.

2.5 PCB downstream application scenarios thiab cov neeg siv khoom loj

Kev lag luam concentration ntawm PCB kev lag luam saw txo qis los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab. Daim ntawv thov yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv downstream teb yuav muab faib mus rau hauv cov khoom siv sib txuas lus, industrial tswj kev kho mob, aerospace, automotive electronics, computers thiab lwm yam sub-fields. Hauv xyoo 2017, cov chaw muag khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuas lus PCB: Huawei, Nokia, ZTE thiab lwm tus ua lag luam hauv kev lag luam kev sib txuas lus thoob ntiaj teb; Nyob rau hauv 2017, lub ntim substrates rau mobile terminals yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv high-end hom xov tooj ntawm tes xws li Apple thiab Samsung. (Cov ntaub ntawv qhia: Future Think Tank)

3. Downstream daim ntawv thov teb ntawm PCB kev lag luam

3.1 Ntiaj teb no PCB Board Terminal Daim Ntawv Thov thiab Hloov

Daim ntawv thov kev lag luam PCB tau koom nrog yuav luag txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob kom deb li deb, feem ntau suav nrog kev sib txuas lus, aerospace, kev lag luam tswj kev kho mob, khoom siv hluav taws xob, tsheb hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam lag luam.

3.2 Terminal Daim ntawv thov thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm PCB Boards hauv Suav teb Mainland

Hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm PCB kev lag luam hauv Suav teb av loj, kev sib txuas lus, khoos phis tawj, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob tau ib txwm ua haujlwm tseem ceeb.

3.3 Scale of PCB tso zis nqi

Tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb PCB kev tsim khoom muaj peev xwm mus rau thaj av loj thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm booming downstream manufacturing ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, PCB kev ua lag luam hauv Suav teb loj tau qhia txog kev txhim kho sai tag nrho. Los ntawm 2014 txog 2019, qhov ntsuas ntawm PCB tso zis tus nqi nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj mainland feem ntau pom ib tug tsis tu ncua upward trend. Txij li xyoo 2019, Sino-Asmeskas kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam tsis sib haum xeeb tau nce zuj zus, kev lag luam tsis paub tseeb tau nce, thiab PCB kev lag luam tau hloov pauv nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv, tab sis qhov nruab nrab thiab kev loj hlob mus sij hawm ntev tseem yog qhov tseeb. Raws li Prismark, tag nrho qhov loj ntawm Tuam Tshoj lub PCB kev lag luam kev lag luam yuav loj hlob mus rau US $ 42 billion los ntawm 2025.

3.4 Downstream Application CAGR ntawm PCB Kev Lag Luam

Kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm 5G, thaj chaw ntawm PCB kev sib txuas lus tau ua rau lub sijhawm loj hlob sai. 5G kev tsim kho tau nrawm dua, thiab kev tsim khoom loj yuav pib rau xyoo 2020. Lub hauv paus chaw nres tsheb-sab PA, cov ntxaij lim dej, thiab cov kav hlau txais xov yuav hloov pauv, thiab kev lag luam PCB yuav ua rau muaj lub sijhawm zoo rau 5G kev txhim kho. Raws li Prismark kwv yees, qhov sib xyaw ua ke txhua xyoo kev loj hlob tus nqi ntawm PCB tso zis tus nqi hauv lub ntiaj teb computer teb los ntawm 2017 txog 2021 yog kwv yees li -3.2 feem pua. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog qhov qeeb qeeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam hauv computer.

Hauv kev lag luam ntawm cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob, vim qhov kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm PCB daim ntawv thov tau nyob ruaj khov. PCBs feem ntau yog siv hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev, drones, VR cov cuab yeej thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv kev siv hluav taws xob.

Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm automotive electronics, uas tau tsav los ntawm kev txawj ntse tsav tsheb thiab lub zog tshiab technologies, nws yuav tsum tau los ua ib tug tshiab tsav tsheb rau kev loj hlob ntawm PCBs. PCBs yog siv rau hauv GPS navigation, tsheb suab, tsheb dashboards, tsheb sensors thiab lwm yam khoom siv.

Hauv kev lag luam kev tswj hwm kev kho mob, nrog rau kev laus zuj zus ntawm cov pej xeem thoob ntiaj teb, qhov kev thov rau cov khoom siv kho mob thiab cov khoom siv kho mob hauv tsev tau loj hlob sai, ua rau cov khoom siv kho mob muaj kev loj hlob dav dav. Hauv kev tswj hwm kev lag luam thiab kev kho mob, PCBs feem ntau yog siv hauv kev lag luam hauv computer, zaus converters, ntsuas ntsuas, kev kho mob thiab lwm yam khoom siv.

North America yog lub lag luam loj tshaj plaws rau PCBs hauv kev lag luam aerospace, feem ntau yog vim muaj kev lag luam aerospace tsim hauv cheeb tsam. Lub cheeb tsam Asia-Pacific yog thaj av uas muaj kev loj hlob sai tshaj plaws hauv aerospace PCB xav tau. Kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov xwm txheej xws li kev loj hlob ntawm kev thov rau kev lag luam dav hlau uas tau tsav los ntawm kev loj hlob tsis tu ncua ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb, kev ua lag luam tau rov zoo sai. Hauv thaj chaw aerospace, PCBs feem ntau yog siv dav hlau, aviation tej thaj chaw deb sensing systems, aviation radars thiab lwm yam khoom siv.

3.5 Segmentation ntawm downstream applications

Kev sib txuas lus cov kev cai: PCB cov kev cai hauv kev sib txuas lus tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom siv sib txuas lus thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam sub-fields. Ntawm lawv, cov cuab yeej sib txuas lus feem ntau yog hais txog kev sib txuas lus siv rau kev sib txuas lus lossis wireless network, suav nrog cov chaw sib txuas lus hauv paus, routers, keyboards, thiab cov pob txha caj qaum. Cov khoom siv kis tau tus mob, cov khoom siv microwave kis tau tus mob, cov khoom siv fiber ntau rau hauv tsev, thiab lwm yam.

Kev thov nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tswj thiab kev kho mob: Cov cuab yeej tswj kev lag luam tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog ib hom kev ua kom tawv nqaij thiab txhim kho lub computer, uas yog siv rau kev tswj hwm kev lag luam kom ntseeg tau tias kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam ib puag ncig. Cov cuab yeej tswj kev lag luam feem ntau muaj kev tiv thaiv kev sib nqus, plua plav pov thawj, tiv thaiv kev poob siab thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm, nrog rau cov phaj tshwj xeeb hauv qab, muaj zog tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam lub zog, kev ua haujlwm ntev ntev thiab lwm yam ntxwv, xws li txoj kev loj, railway, subway thiab lwm yam kev tswj xyuas tsheb.

Kev xav tau hauv aerospace teb: Aerospace PCB cov khoom lag luam feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom siv hauv aerospace airborne, thiab cov cuab yeej siv dav hlau tuaj yeem muab faib ua avionics systems thiab electromechanical systems, ntawm cov avionics systems feem ntau suav nrog kev tswj kev ya davhlau, kev tswj dav hlau, cockpit zaub, navigation, cov tshuab ua haujlwm xws li raws li cov ntaub ntawv thiab lub suab sib txuas lus, saib xyuas thiab ceeb toom; Cov tshuab electromechanical feem ntau suav nrog cov tshuab hluav taws xob, kev tswj hwm huab cua, roj tshuab, tshuab hydraulic thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm.

Kev xav tau hauv kev lag luam tsheb hluav taws xob: Automotive electronics yog ib lo lus dav dav rau tsheb lub cev tsheb hluav taws xob thiab tsheb automotive electronics control devices. Nws yog ib qho kev tswj xyuas hluav taws xob uas muaj cov sensors, microprocessors, actuators, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Nrog rau qhov kev thov nce ntxiv rau tag nrho kev nyab xeeb, kev nplij siab, thiab kev lom zem ntawm tsheb, hluav taws xob, kev qhia, kev sib txuas lus thiab kev txawj ntse tau dhau los ua cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev siv tsheb; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub zog tshiab tsheb, kev pabcuam kev tsav tsheb nyab xeeb thiab kev tsav tsheb tsis siv neeg Txoj kev loj hlob sai tau ua kom muaj kev sib txuas lus hluav taws xob ntau dua rau hauv tsheb, thiab qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm lub tsheb hluav taws xob hauv cov nqi ntawm tag nrho lub tsheb tau txuas ntxiv mus. nce.

Kev thov hauv computer teb: Tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv 5G era tau nce siab, thiab qhov kev thov rau cov chaw zov me nyuam muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv 2019, lub ntiaj teb no IDC scale yog kwv yees li 750 billion yuan, nrog rau ib lub xyoo ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm 21 feem pua. Tuam Tshoj tus IDC kev lag luam loj yog 158.4 billion yuan, ib xyoo ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm 29 feem pua. Tuam Tshoj txoj kev loj hlob ntau dua li ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab -2020, tus naj npawb ntawm hyperscale cov ntaub ntawv chaw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb tau nce mus rau 541, uas tau nce ob npaug los ntawm 2015. Qhov kev xav tau loj heev rau cov chaw zov me nyuam tau nce qhov kev thov rau computer / server thiab cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia PCBs. Ua ke nrog txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam huab cua thoob ntiaj teb, qhov kev thov rau huab kev tsim kho vaj tse xws li servers thiab cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv nthuav dav, thiab kev siv PCB sib txuas tau nce ntxiv. Prismark kwv yees tias tus nqi tso tawm ntawm PCBs siv hauv cov servers thiab cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia yuav ncav cuag US $ 8.9 nphom los ntawm 2025, nrog rau kev loj hlob txhua xyoo ntawm 8.5 feem pua ​​​​ntawm 2020 txog 2025.